Description

Women Rights, Law and Justice
Editor: Prof. Dr. Yogesh Kumar Gupta
Published by Universal Academic Books Publishers and Distributors,
New Delhi (India)
ISBN: 978-81-686113-2-0, 2026

Chapter 14

Acid Attack Laws and Victim Rehabilitation

Tinny Kapoor
Presiding Member – Juvenile Justice Board

“Violence that restricts an individual’s ability to live with dignity is a denial of basic human freedom”

– Amartya Sen

Abstract

Acid attacks are among the most brutal forms of violence, predominantly affecting women. These attacks cause not only severe physical harm but also deeply impact a victim’s identity and quality of life. The injuries are often permanent, leaving lasting scars that make daily activities difficult. Beyond physical damage, victims suffer emotional trauma, loss of confidence, and social isolation, as they may feel rejected by society. The psychological impact of losing one’s appearance can be devastating and long-lasting. Despite strengthened laws and compensation schemes, significant challenges remain. Financial assistance often falls short of covering medical expenses, emotional suffering, and long-term rehabilitation needs.

This chapter highlights the seriousness of acid attacks as gender-based violence and examines the legal framework addressing them. It also emphasizes the importance of comprehensive victim rehabilitation, including financial aid, medical care, and social reintegration, along with the role of compensation schemes in supporting survivors.

1. Introduction

Acid attacks in India are largely influenced by socio-economic conditions, entrenched patriarchal norms, and the dominance of male authority in society. Such attacks are often used as a means of retaliation by offenders when faced with rejection in matters of love, marriage, friendship, family disputes, domestic conflicts, jealousy, or even professional rivalry. The increasing incidence of these crimes is a matter of serious concern for both society and lawmakers. As per the National Crime Records Bureau Report 2023, a total of 207 acid attack cases were recorded in 2023, showing a rise from 202 cases in 2022 and 176 cases in 2021. West Bengal reported the highest number of cases, followed by Uttar Pradesh and Gujarat.