Description

Women Rights, Law and Justice
Editor: Prof. Dr. Yogesh Kumar Gupta
Published by Universal Academic Books Publishers and Distributors,
New Delhi (India)
ISBN: 978-81-686113-2-0, 2026

Chapter 26

A Socio-Legal Study of Women Rights in India’s Informal Sector

Antu Rani Majumdar
Research Scholar, Amity University, Kolkata

Abstract

India’s vast geographic size and population of more than 1.3 billion people make it highly dependent on the employment contributions of women in both rural and urban economies. The maintenance of households and the growth of the economy depend heavily on women, who make up almost half of the population. However, they still have a lower economic status in society, particularly in the informal sector, which employs about 94% of women in the country. Despite their significant contribution, women in this field often live and work in conditions that fall short of accepted norms of dignity and well-being because they lack the amenities and comforts necessary to lead fulfilling lives. The chapter focuses on problems like lack of social security, unsafe working conditions, sexual harassment, wage discrimination, and restricted access to justice. Additionally, it assesses how well statutory safeguards, judicial actions, and constitutional provisions protect women’s rights. Using a socio-legal method, the study combines legal analysis with social reality to offer a thorough comprehension of systemic issues.

In order to improve women’s protection, empowerment, and recognition in the informal sector, it ends by suggesting legislative changes, policy changes, and institutional structures.

Keywords

Informal Sector; Women Workers; Human Rights Violations; Socio-Legal Analysis; Gender Inequality; Labour Rights; Access to Justice

1. Introduction

The growth of informal employment in India, particularly among women, in the context of the country’s rapid economic development. Despite significant economic progress, formal job opportunities remain scarce, leading to a substantial increase in informal employment. The absence of social security and job stability in this sector raises critical issues regarding labour market equity and economic vulnerability. The primary factors influencing informal employment, including education, occupation, and household income, while also highlighting the broader implications for labour market dynamics and policy formulation.